https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/ Management and Entrepreneurship in Sport en daily 1 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_222791.html Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and modeling the methods of private sector participation in student sports.Methods: The present research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), so first, a conceptual model was presented using the Grounded theory method and the systematic design of Strauss and Corbin. The participants in the qualitative part of the research were 20 academic experts and specialists from the Ministry of Sports and Youth using a purposeful method, and in the quantitative part, based on the minimum requirement of the PLS software method in structural equations. 200 sponsors from the field of sports and sports businesses were randomly selected.Results: According to the results of the qualitative section, causal factors (employee characteristics, leadership and structure), contextual factors (hardware and equipment, laws and policies), central phenomenon (knowledge, communication, updating), intervening factors (organizational factors, management factors), strategies (central regulation and development), consequences (human resource management, dynamism and entrepreneurship of the private sector) were identified in the form of a conceptual model. Also, according to the results of the quantitative section, the factor loadings of all dimensions of the research had appropriate values and the significant coefficients were estimated to be above 1.96.Conclusion: Every organization needs a specific leadership, and undoubtedly all managers know that their success depends on human resources and leadership style in organizations, and this idea has led them to seek the appropriate style in managing the affairs of organizations. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_222908.html In the present study, the strategy for overcoming the crisis of unfinished construction projects in the field of sports has been investigated using the grounded theory method.. This method, using qualitative analysis and a systematic approach, while extracting data from existing realities, provides the possibility of identifying critical factors, proposed solutions, and an appropriate operational framework. In this regard, adopting a data-based approach allows managers and decision-makers to identify patterns in the data and achieve operational and effective solutions. Grounded theory is a non-quantitative study method and provides the design of a model for overcoming the crisis of unfinished sports projects. Therefore, the research phenomenon model was based on the Strauss and Corbin model. The statistical population included executive managers, contractors, consultants, university professors, and experts who were selected using purposive sampling and the snowball technique. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed. The results showed that the lack of timely allocation of funds, the passage of time and depreciation of the project, political interventions play a role as the main obstacles and intervenors. Finally, the strategy of innovation in securing financial resources, reforming the management and supervisory structure, focusing the government on implementing large projects, utilizing the capacity of the private sector with mechanisms such as creating financial attractiveness and bank facilitation, using new methods of transfer (construction, operation, and transfer), reforming policies and reducing non-expert interference, and other solutions such as utilizing the capacity of sports benefactors and transfer between government agencies were emphasized. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_222964.html The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between quality of work life and job burnout with happiness among physical education teachers in Isfahan Province. The research method was descriptive and correlational, conducted through a survey approach. The sample consisted of 325 physical education teachers from Isfahan, selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using three standardized questionnaires measuring quality of work life, job burnout, and happiness, and were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated a significant relationship between social integration (a component of quality of work life) and job burnout. All dimensions of quality of work life were positively associated with happiness, while components of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) were significantly related to lower levels of happiness. Overall, quality of work life and happiness were at moderate levels, while job burnout was found to be high. The Department of Education should prioritize teacher participation in decision-making, ensure adequate resources, and create a balance in workload to reduce burnout and promote psychological well-being. This approach enhances organizational effectiveness and ultimately improves the quality of education, benefiting students, teachers, and society as a whole. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_223008.html The present study aims to develop a model for the development of virtual media in Iranian professional sports clubs. This research employs a grounded theory approach with a constructivist perspective. The participants included professors in the field of physical education and sports science (with a focus on sports management), researchers in sports media, and CEOs of sports clubs. Purposeful sampling and the snowball sampling technique were used to conduct in-depth interviews. Throughout the sampling process, three stages—open, relational, and theoretical sampling—were followed, adhering to the constructivist grounded theory approach. Data collection was halted after 20 interviews due to data saturation. After reviewing theoretical foundations, raw data were inductively extracted from in-depth interviews with experts and specialists, and were simultaneously analyzed using the constructivist grounded theory approach. In this study, 245 initial concepts or codes were identified. In the second phase, 31 primary categories were derived, followed by axial coding, which resulted in 7 main categories based on semantic affinity: shared economy creation, policymaking, social image, prominence, modernization, awareness-building, and institutionalization. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_223120.html This study aimed to investigate and analyze the causal relationships among factors influencing the sustainable development of sports entrepreneurship in Iraq. The research employed a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative) and was implemented using a sequential exploratory design. Participants included sports entrepreneurs, academic experts, and managers in the field of entrepreneurship in Iraq, selected through purposive sampling. Data saturation was reached with a final sample of 17 participants. Data collection instruments were semi-structured interviews and a 9x9 comparison matrix. To assess the validity and reliability of the research, the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln (1985) were used. Data analysis was performed using reflective thematic analysis and the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique. The findings showed that among the nine influencing factors, "networking and collaboration" had the highest degree of dependence (being influenced) among the factors affecting the sustainable development of sports entrepreneurship, while "leadership and management," "innovation and technology," and "resources and infrastructure" had a causal and influencing role. Furthermore, the analysis of the total relation matrix revealed that all factors are interconnected to some extent, but "networking and collaboration" exhibits the greatest dependence on other factors. The results of this research indicate that the sustainable development of sports entrepreneurship in Iraq requires a multi-dimensional approach and the strengthening of key influencing factors. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_223785.html The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive model for sports entrepreneurship by combining entrepreneurship theories with the unique characteristics of the sports industry. This research was conducted using a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 experts in sports management and entrepreneurship, and analyzed using open and axial coding methods. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population consisted of managers of sports organizations, academic professors, and active entrepreneurs in the sports field. Based on Morgan’s table, a sample size of 385 participants was selected. Data collection was carried out using a standardized questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed through the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and reliability through Cronbach's alpha (α=0.91).Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that causal conditions (such as innovation and entrepreneurial culture), contextual conditions (such as governmental support and technology), and strategic approaches (such as networking and digital marketing) have significant impacts on the success of sports entrepreneurship (p<0.05). Moreover, the proposed model demonstrated excellent fit indices (RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.96).This study highlights that integrating entrepreneurship theories with specific features of the sports industry—such as market dynamics, technological advancements, and social appeal—can contribute to sustainable development in sports-related businesses. The proposed model serves as a practical tool for policymakers, sports managers, and entrepreneurs to strategically plan in this industry. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_226889.html the present study aimed to identify the barriers to starting sports businesses in Mazandaran province. The research method was descriptive-analytical and was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study was 180 owners of small and medium-sized sports businesses in Mazandaran province; due to the limited number of members of the community, the statistical sample was selected as a total of 180 people. The instrument used in the study was a researcher-made questionnaire that examined the barriers to starting small sports businesses. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was calculated in a preliminary test with 30 subjects and with Cronbach's alpha (α=0.85). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and Friedman test were used to analyze the data results using SPSS version 22 software. There is a statistically significant difference between the average ranking of barriers to starting small sports businesses in Mazandaran province, with infrastructure and cultural barriers having the highest ranking and knowledge and information barriers having the lowest ranking. According to the findings, it is suggested that the government should provide its support infrastructure for sports businesses in a way that is accessible to everyone. Banks and financial institutions can play an important role in supporting businesses by providing the financial sector and reducing administrative bureaucracy in the administrative sector and granting licenses. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_227574.html The purpose of this research was to develop future scenarios for the management of sports facilities in Iran toward the 2035. This fundamental-applied study was using a mixed-methods design and the Schwartz model of scenario planning. The statistical population of experts in the field of sports facility management, from which 17 individuals were selected for the interview phase via purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached, 7-member strategic council was formed for the quantitative stages. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews to identify drivers and two cross-impact matrices to analyze relationships and scenario consistency. The validity of the tools was confirmed through expert opinion, and their reliability was verified by methods such as inter-coder agreement (85.7%). data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and the MICMAC and Scenario Wizard software. After analyzing 38 initial drivers and identifying 5 key uncertainties, the findings led to the development of three probable and scenarios: 1) the 'Green Leap,' a desirable future based on the alignment of technology, social demand, and participatory governance; 2) 'Distrusted Progress,' which depicts a technocratic world with advanced technology but lacking social capital; and 3) the 'Mirage of Intelligence,' indicating a future based on fragmented and inefficient technological development. This finding shows that the desirable future of sports facility management in Iran depends less on technology itself and more on creating a meaningful link between technological innovations and transformations in governance and social participation models, requiring a strategic transition from a purely technical view to a comprehensive socio-technical approach. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_227878.html The aim of the present research was to analyze the effect of networking on the sales performance of sports product brands with the mediating role of employee creativity and job satisfaction. The research method was practical in terms of purpose and correlational in nature, conducted through a survey. The statistical population included all employees of sports product brands in the city of Isfahan that their number, according to statistics from the Isfahan Clothing Manufacturers and Sellers Union, was approximately 816 people, and the sample size was 265 people based on the Cochran formula. The samples were selected using a stratified random sampling method based on geographical regions. The measurement tools in this study are the standard questionnaires of Networking of Dogan et al. (2019), Sales Performance of Matjaz et al. (2015), Job Satisfaction of Moradi (2020), and Creativity of Moghimi (2018). The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed (Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the networking scale was 0.84, creativity 0.75, job satisfaction 0.81, and sales performance 0.89). Data analysis was conducted at twolevels: descriptive and inferential statistics, structural Equation Modeling, and software SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3. The results of the study showed that networking has the greatest impact on creativity (β=0.62) and job satisfaction (β=0.60) (p<0.001), while its direct impact on sales performance is less (β=0.26).Therefore, it is recommended that salesmanagers of products create appropriate networking and pay attention to creativity inprocesses and activities to improve job satisfaction and ultimately enhance the sales performance of theirbrand. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_227944.html The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of green marketing tools on the environmental behaviors of sports product customers in Tabriz. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of survey strategy. The statistical population included all sports product customers in Tabriz. The sample size was estimated to be 384 individuals using the Cochran formula given that the size of the statistical population was indeterminate. In order to collect data, documentary methods and a standard questionnaire were used; which included the Green Marketing Questionnaire of Rahbar et al. (2009) and the Standard Consumer Environmental Behavior Questionnaire of Ko et al. (2013). Structural equation modeling method was used to examine the relationships between research variables using AMOS software. The results of data analysis showed that green marketing tools have an impact on the environmental behaviors of sports product customers in Tabriz. The three components of advertising, brand name, and environmental label had a positive and significant effect on the environmental behaviors of sports product customers in Tabriz. Among them, advertising with an impact coefficient of 0.66 has the highest impact and brand name with an impact coefficient of 0.17 has the lowest impact on the environmental behaviors of sports product customers. Keywords: Green marketing tools, advertising, brand name, label, environmental behaviors https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_228376.html The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of individual capital and intellectual capital in the relationship between the academic supportive environment and academic entrepreneurship among students of physical education and sport sciences. This research was descriptive in nature and applied in terms of its objective. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of physical education and sport sciences at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, totaling 700 individuals. Using random sampling and referring to Morgan's sample size table, a sample of 248 students was selected. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires: Academic Supportive Environment (Akinboye & Morish, 2022), Individual Capital (Nguyen et al., 2024), Intellectual Capital (Kianto et al., 2017), and Academic Entrepreneurship (Akinboye & Morish, 2022). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships among variables. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20 and PLS version 3. Based on the Sobel test and a t-value of 2.379, it was found that individual capital mediates the relationship between the academic supportive environment and academic entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results showed that intellectual capital also plays a mediating role in this relationship, with a t-value of 3.176. Therefore, the findings indicate that both individual and intellectual capital function as key mediators in strengthening the relationship between an academic supportive environment and the entrepreneurial orientation of physical education students. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_229075.html AbstractToday, innovative education, which is rooted in the professionalism of teachers, has become a problem-solving approach to teaching and learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of managers' transactional leadership on the innovation of sports teachers with the mediating role of mindfulness. The present study is an applied and correlational study in which data collection was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study consisted of 686 physical education teachers working in elementary and secondary schools in Golestan. Based on the Cochran formula, 247 people participated in this study as a purposeful sample size. Three questionnaires were used to collect data for this study: transactional leadership (Pottery, 2018), mindfulness (Chiu et al., 2017), and innovation (Zhou and George, 2001). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by sports management experts and their reliability was calculated in a preliminary study using Cronbach's alpha as 0.79, 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3 software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that there is a positive and significant effect of transactional leadership on the innovation of sports teachers with the mediating role of mindfulness. According to the results obtained, it seems that it is recommended to encourage school administrators to establish appropriate communication with sports teachers. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_234019.html Introduction: The purpose of this study was analysis of the criteria affecting children's withdrawal from sports activities using the DENP technique.Methods: This research was a descriptive-applied that was conducted in the field. The statistical society of this study, was the 30 children aged 7 to 10 years and 15 children's sports officials, sports science specialists with coaching experience, and sports management professors. To collect data, 15 questionnaires were used, which were designed using the DANP method.Results: The results showed that economic factors, coach, security and safety were influential factors, and factors of inappropriate training program, health factors, climate, education, psychological factors, academic commitments, accessibility, price, family relationships, physical factors, time management, dominant culture, friendly relationships and attitudinal factors were impressible factors. Attitudinal factors interacted more with other factors and thus are more important than other factors.Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful for officials and coaches in the field of sports and help them pay attention to points that they did not pay attention to before. https://jmes.tvu.ac.ir/article_244029.html The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting income generation and employment creation by the private sector in sports. The present research is of an applied type with a quantitative approach in terms of its purpose. Also, considering its nature, it is a descriptive research of the field (survey) type. The statistical population of this study includes sports management professors who have articles and books on privatization in sports, whose academic degree is a PhD and who have at least ten years of relevant work experience, and from among them, 12 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random method. The Delphi method, the entropy method, and the Topsis method were used to collect and analyze data. The results show that the factors affecting income generation and employment creation by the private sector in sports can be divided into four groups: economic factors, management factors, support factors, encouragement factors, and political factors, and the importance of each of these factors is different. According to the results, support and incentive factors ranked first, management factors ranked second, political factors ranked third, and economic factors ranked fourth. Also, among the options, financial incentives ranked first, with a CL of 0.88, increasing employment ranked second, and tax incentives ranked third. The ranking of other options is based on their CL distance from one.